Immigration and Nationality Act

In the previous 40 years before the act was signed, those who wanted to come to America were subject to a quota system. Immigration law favored immigrants from northern Europe and the British Isles, discriminated against those from southern and eastern Europe, and barred those from Asia and non-whites from entering the country.

The Immigration and Nationality Act abolished quotas, opening the doors to "those who can contribute most to this country – to its growth, to its strength, to its spirit." The new law created a preference system that focused on immigrants' skills and family relations with citizens or U. S. residents.

President John F. Kennedy, whose Irish ancestors had faced prejudice, wanted immigration reform. As president, Johnson turned to Kennedy's brother, Ted, to help steer the bill through Congress. In a March 8, 1965 telephone conversation, the two men talked about strengthening their working relationship and dispelling rumors about a strain between Johnson and Kennedy supporters. The conversation can be heard below.

For historical perspective, the LBJ Presidential Library has collected related photos, videos, audio, and text from the bill signing. All are public domain.